https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2020.100754

Gibson, J. J., Holmes, T., Stadnyk, T. A., Birks, S. J., Eby, P., & Pietroniro, A. (2020). ¹⁸O and ²H in streamflow across Canada. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 32, 100754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2020.100754

Study region
Water samples for isotopic analysis were collected during 2013–2019 at 331 gauging stations across Canada in representative watersheds ranging from the Atlantic to the Pacific to the Arctic Oceans. Drainage area coverage of the network included 56% of Canada’s landmass (9,984,670 km²) and was representative of 91% of Canada’s annual water yield.

Study focus
Baseline data, including 4603 ¹⁸O and ²H analyses, are described to assess potential for process studies and predictive model calibration.

New hydrological insights for the region
While similar patterns are noted between isotopes in streamflow and precipitation across Canada, systematic evaporative enrichment in streamflow occurs in lake- and wetland-rich areas, and systematic depletion occurs in some mountainous and/or cold-regions watersheds. The latter are attributed to uncertainty in precipitation isotope records, glacial melt and/or permafrost thaw. In δ¹⁸O-δ²H space, streamflow characteristically plotted on or below the Canadian Meteoric Water Line (CMWL) (δ²H = 8∙δ¹⁸O+8.5) along imbricated Regional River Lines (RRL) displaying a range of regression slopes (4.34–9.31) and intercepts (-54 to +24), reflecting regional variations in isotopic composition of input sources, evaporative enrichment, and tributary mixing. We define the Canadian Rivers Line (CRL) based on the linear regression of flow-weighted mean values of station data (δ²H = 7.89∙δ¹⁸O+0.45, r² = 0.962; n = 161).

Diagnosing and Mitigating Hydrologic Model

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2020.100754