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Section 1: Publication
Publication Type
Journal Article
Authorship
Groff, Terava; Pomeroy, John W.
Title
Snowmelt Infiltration and Runoff From Seasonally Frozen Hillslopes in a High Mountain Basin
Year
2025
Publication Outlet
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Hydrological Processes, Vol. 39, Iss. 1, e70048
DOI
ISBN
ISSN
0885-6087
Citation
Groff, Terava; Pomeroy, John W. (2025) Snowmelt Infiltration and Runoff From Seasonally Frozen Hillslopes in a High Mountain Basin, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Hydrological Processes, Vol. 39, Iss. 1, e70048,
https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70048
Abstract
There is relatively little research on infiltration into seasonally frozen soils on mountain hillslopes and few evaluations of infiltration model performance in this environment exist. As a result, the application of existing infiltration estimation methods developed in level environments is uncertain for estimating spring runoff in mountain basins. A field study was conducted in the Canadian Rockies using 8 years of snowpack, liquid soil moisture, and temperature profile observations from steep north-facing and south-facing slopes. Seasonal infiltration was calculated using soil freezing characteristic curves, timeseries of soil volumetric water content and temperature. Infiltration was found to primarily follow the limited case postulated by Popov (1972), with only 1 year at one site undergoing unlimited infiltration where nearly all meltwater infiltrated. Infiltration was estimated using an equation for the limited case developed from extensive observations of seasonal infiltration, initial soil saturation, and peak SWE in Canadian prairie agricultural fields. Whilst this equation accurately estimated infiltration depths on these mountain hillslope sites, it was unsuitable for application due to a statistical association between its driving variables. Initial soil saturation had no influence on infiltration depths at these sites and so a simpler single-variable infiltration equation to estimate infiltration depths based on peak SWE was developed and found to have good predictive capability. Alternative approaches using modelled cumulative melt or infiltration opportunity time also had good predictability. Runoff depths estimated from a water balance, assuming negligible evaporation and sub-surface drainage, were reliably predicted using peak SWE or cumulative melt depths by single-variable infiltration equations in the absence of soil moisture, texture, aspect, or slope information. The results provide insights into estimating snowmelt runoff on hillslopes from snowpack accumulation that has been observed in cold region mountains, despite the complexity of hillslope hydrology and frozen soil infiltration processes.
Plain Language Summary
Section 2: Additional Information
Program Affiliations
Project Affiliations
Submitters
Publication Stage
Published
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Additional Information
Keywords: Canadian Rockies; infiltration; runoff; seasonally frozen soil; slopes; snowmelt